Sopanam is traditionally sung by men of the Marar and Pothuval community, who are Ambalavasi (semi-Brahmin) castes engaged to do it as their hereditary profession. It is sung, typically employing plain notes, to the accompaniment of the small, hourglass-shaped ethnic drum called idakka, besides the chengila or the handy metallic gong to sound the beats.
Sopana sangeetham (music), as the very name suggests, is sung by the side of the holy steps (sopanam) leading to the sanctum sanctorum of a shrine. Sopanam came to prominence in the wake of the increasing popularity of Jayadeva's Gita Govinda or Ashtapadis. Sopanam is religious in nature, and developed through singing invocatory songs at the Kalam of Kali, and later inside temples. Sopana Sangeetham is a form of classical music that originated in the temples of Kerala. Kerala is musically known for Sopana Sangeetham. The oldest examples of Pattu and, are Ramacharitam and Vaishikatantram, both of the twelfth century. varying degrees of the fusion of the three different strands. Malayalam poetry to the late 20th century CE It is very unuseful data. Manipravalam of the Sanskrit tradition, which permitted a generous interspersing of Sanskrit with Tamil.
The early literature of Malayalam comprised three types of composition: The earliest written record of Malayalam is the Edakal - 5 inscription (ca.
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